Resources

The context behind Driving Canada — what the numbers say about arriving, working and being recognised in this country.

Unemployment and Underemployment of Newcomers

37%

of new Canadians say living in Canada is worse than they expected

Driving Canada Report, 2024

38%

of employed newcomers couldn't find a job in their field of study

Driving Canada Report, 2024

60%

had difficulty finding a job due to non-recognition of credentials or lack of Canadian experience

Driving Canada Report, 2024

66 years

cumulative professional experience among just 5 Uber drivers interviewed (Microsoft, IBM, TCS, provincial bureaucracy, pharmaceutical)

Driving Canada Report, 2024

63%

of immigrants with foreign credentials report working in jobs below their skill level within the first year

2.5x

higher unemployment rate for recent immigrants compared to Canadian-born workers

5-7 years

average time for skilled immigrants to find employment matching their qualifications

$20,000-$30,000

average annual income gap between newcomers and Canadian-born workers with similar credentials

40%

of regulated professionals (doctors, engineers, etc.) never work in their field in Canada

Immigration Statistics Over the Years

Permanent residents admitted to Canada by category
Year Total Economic Family Refugees
2015 271,845 170,419 74,663 26,763
2018 321,045 177,915 90,155 52,975
2021 405,303 241,173 104,765 59,365
2023 471,655 294,346 117,949 59,360

Canada aims to welcome over 500,000 immigrants annually by 2025

Brief History of Immigration to Canada

Pre-Confederation (Before 1867)

Indigenous peoples inhabited Canada for thousands of years. European colonization began in the 16th century with French and British settlers establishing colonies.

Nation Building (1867-1914)

Post-Confederation Canada actively recruited immigrants to populate the West. The 'Open Door' policy welcomed Europeans, particularly from Britain and Northern Europe.

Restrictive Era (1914-1960s)

Two World Wars and the Great Depression led to restrictive immigration policies. The Chinese Immigration Act (1923) and other discriminatory policies limited non-European immigration.

Points System Era (1967-Present)

Introduction of the points-based system removed discriminatory barriers. Immigration became based on skills, education, and economic contribution rather than country of origin.

Further reading